A total of Ten (10) plant species from some States in Nigeria were analyzed for their antioxidant activities using the DPPH, H2O2 and FRAP assay methods. The data obtained showed that Piliostigma reticulatum gave the highest scavenging property at the least concentration (6.25μg/ml) while C. accuminata gave the highest scavenging property at the highest concentration (100μg/ml) in DPPH assay. The trend at the least concentration is as follows; P. reticulatum> A. digitata> T. indica> C. accuminata> V. paradoxa> B. diezelli> S. longipediculata> A. squamosa> P. biglobosa> S. singueana. While the trend at the highest concentration is as follows; C. accuminata> B. diezelli> T indica> P. biglobosa> A. digitata> V. paradoxa> A. squamosa> P. reticulatum> S. longipediculata> S. singueana. The H2O2 assay showed that B diezelli gave the highest scavenging property both at the least (6.25) and highest (100). Also the trend is as follows; B. diezelli> A. squamosa> S. longipediculata> S. singueana> V. paradoxa> P. bigloosa> C. accuminata> A. digitata> T. indica> P. reticulatum at the least concentration. While at the highest, the trend is as follows; B. diezelli> S. longipediculata> S. singueana> V. paradoxa> P. biglobosa> P. reticulatum> C. accuminata> A. digitata> T. indica. The FRAP assay showed that S. longipediculata gave the highest scavenging activity at the least concentration (6.25) while C. accuminata gave the highest activity at the highest concentration. The trend at the least concentration is as follows; S. longipediculata> C. accuminata> T. indica> A. digitata> V. paradoxa> A. squamosa> P. reticulatum> P. biglobosa> S. singueana> B. diezelli. While at the highest concentration the trend is; C. accuminata> S. longipediculata> T. indica> A. digitata> A. squamosa> V. paradoxa> P. reticulatum> P. biglobosa> S. singueana> B. diezelli. In the FRAP assay, five (5) crude extracts (S. longepedicunlata, T. indica, A. digitata, A .squamosa C. accuminata) were more active than the standard drug (ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyl anisole) at higher concentrations.

Genus Nepeta (family Lamiaceae) is native to Europe, Asia, and Africa and they are commonly known as catmints. The essential oils of Nepeta genus are characterized by the presence of one or more of the nepetalactone isomers which are the biochemical markers of this genus. The major compounds present in the essential oils of different Nepeta species have been summarized in this review article.

A combinatorial library of 99 novel isoniazid Schiff base analogs has been designed virtually from isoniazid (INH) and various aliphatic and aromatic β-ketoesters. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of all the newly designed isoniazid-Schiff base analogs have been evaluated in-silico using Swiss ADME tool to predict the key physiochemical, pharmacokinetic, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry properties. None of the compounds violated Lipinski's rule of five and thus presenting the possible use of the designed libraries for developing compounds with drug-like properties. Among the series, 16 INH-Schiff bases showed zero lead-likeness violation and 35 entries with acceptable one violation and found to have good oral bioavailability. Molecular docking simulations were accomplished for the selected 16 Schiff bases with Beta-ketoacyl Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase II (MtKasB) (PDB code: 2GP6) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rule-based method for lead-likeness and the molecular docking studies represents a set of 7 isoniazid - Schiff bases as an optimal choice to initiate lead optimization with enhanced drug like properties. This in-silico investigation enlightens on identifying promising new hits as chemotherapeutic inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with improved efficacy.

In the present article a series of novel 2, 3, 5-trisubstituted 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole (9a-i) derivatives possessing 5-(5-(5-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio) methyl moiety were synthesised by cyclization cum acetylation of 8a-i with acetic anhydride. Reaction of 2-(5-(5-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio) acetohydrazide (7) with different aryl aldehydes (2a-i) in ethanol was carried out to gain 8a-i derivatives. The reaction of 5-(5-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (5) with ethyl 2-chloroacetate afforded ethyl 2-(5-(5-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl-thio) acetate (6) which upon reaction with hydrazine hydrate yielded starting compound (7). The structures of newly synthesized compounds were corroborated through elemental and spectral studies like IR, 1H NMR, C13 NMR and Mass spectra. All the synthesised compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against panel of pathogenic microorganism including S. aureus as Gram positive bacterial strain and E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. typhi as Gram negative strains. The result of bioassay was compared with Chloramphenicol as standard reference drug.

A Schiff base ligand and its transition Metal complexes were synthesized. Plant growth regulating activity on seeds of chick pea (Cicer arietinum), Mung bean (Vigna radiata) and Red Lentil (Lens culinaris), has been studied using standard Blotter method for evaluation of inhibitory or stimulatory effects of the synthesized compounds. The plant growth analysis was decided by measurement of parameters like percentage of germination, dry weight, shoot length, root length, protein content and carbohydrate content. The values of these parameters have been used to make a conclusion about plant growth regulating activity of ligand and its complexes.